New Delhi: A year after the ‘starvation’ death of an 11-year-old girl, Santoshi Kumari, in Jharkhand’s Simdega district, activists have compiled a list of 56 alleged hunger-related deaths since 2015 across the country, of which 42 were in 2017 and 2018.
Kumari’s death led to a spate of similar allegations coming to the fore, with several activists alleging that linking the public distribution system to Aadhaar had led to confusion and exclusions across states, leading to people like Kumari’s family not being able to access the ration owed to them. These allegation have continued and various state government have been pulled up for not being able to provide basic amenities to those who need them most.
The list has been compiled by Reetika Khera and Siraj Dutta, with contributions from Swati Narayan and the Right to Food Campaign in Odisha, Jharkhand and Delhi, based on media reports. According to them, a large majority of the deaths recorded in 2017 and 2018 are because of the Aadhaar system, which is ensuring that even some people who were able to access the public distribution before are no longer able to do so.
| Number of reported hunger deaths | Aadhaar-related deaths | Aadhaar in PDS/pension? | |
| 2015 | 7 | 0 | No |
| 2016 | 7 | 2 | Some states |
| 2017 | 14 | 11 | Yes |
| 2018 | 28 | 14 | Yes |
In a statement releasing the data, Khera and Dutta have said,
In a healthy democracy, hunger deaths would make headlines and become a matter of debate and action. Some of the cases reported here did receive some attention, but even those did not lead to the sort of sustained pressure that would force the government to do what it takes to prevent hunger deaths. Most of them barely made it to the “news ticker” of fast-paced breaking news. And despite growing evidence of the counter-productive role of Aadhaar-based biometric authentication in the PDS, the central government persists in its determination to make it compulsory across the country.
The full table they have compiled is reproduced below.
| Name & Age | Block & District | Date of death | Details | Sources |
| Shiv Kumar Majhi, 4 yrs (m) | Surguja, Chhattisgarh | Late May 2015 | Adivasi?, Family PDS ration card was cancelled; father worked as casual labourer, the family did not have a ration card; possibly PDS card was cancelled | Indian Express |
| Jungle Singh, age unknown (m) | Pendra Block, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh | 27 May 2015 | Dalit or Adivasi; reportedly did not have a single grain in his stomach as per post mortem report. | Indian Express |
| Lambu Ram, 60 yrs (m) | Bagicha, Jashpur, Chhattisgarh | October 2015 | Adivasi; had to mortgage PDS ration card to meet medical expenses for his father, never got card back. | Catch News |
| Jobha Majhi, 60 yrs (m) | Sheikhpura, Bihar | 25 March 2016 | Musahar (Mahadalit); CM claimed that he had an AAY card and had got grain in January 2016. | TOI report |
| Ramsurat, 50 yrs (m) | Nalanda | June 2016 | Dalit; had reportedly not eaten for 10-20 days; survived by an 8 year old son | Newsx.com |
| Govinda 5 years, (m),
Aishwarya/Munni, 2 yrs (f) |
Koransarai, Dumrao, Buxar, Bihar | 26 August,
1 September, 2018 |
Musahar (Dalit); father in jail for alleged participation in violent protest. Family had PDS ration card, but unable to get Aadhaar card made, so were not getting rations for the past 8 months; No work under NREGA | Bhaskar.com and |
| Paro, 2 yrs, Shikha, 4 yrs, and Mansi 8 yrs (f) | Mandavali, East Delhi, Delhi | 25 July, 2018 | Mother was mentally unstable, father unemployed used to operate cycle rickshaw, did not have a ration card | Delhi Rozi Roti Adhikar Abhiyan |
| Indradeo Mali, 40 yrs (m) | Hazaribagh, Jharkhand | December 2016 | Dalit; No food cooked in house since three days before death. Family did not get ration for two months preceding death. | News18.com and Dainik Jagran |
| Santoshi Kumari, 11 years (f) | Simdega, Jharkhand | 28 September, 2017 | Dalit; Santoshi’s family was denied ration for six months preceding her death. Its ration card was deleted as it was not linked with an Aadhaar. | RTFC Jharkhand statement |
| Baijnath Ravidas, 40 yrs (m) | Jharia, Dhanbad, Jharkhand | 21 October, 2017 | Dalit; rickshaw puller, long term deprivation; had applied for PDS ration card many times, but did not get it. Family got ration card after his death, his wife awaits widow pension | Report of fact finding by HRLN |
| Ruplal Marandi, 60 yrs (m) | Deoghar, Jharkhand | 23 October, 2017 | Adivasi; Ruplal’s family was denied its ration for two months as it could not prove its identity through ABBA. | HRLN fact finding report |
| Lalita Kunwar, 45 yrs (f) | Garhwa, Jharkhand | October 2017 | Adivasi; Lalita’s family was denied ration for six months preceding her death. | Prabhat Khabar |
| Premani Kunwar, 64 yrs (f) | Garhwa, Jharkhand | 1 December 2017 | OBC; After Sep 2017, Premani’s social security pension was redirected to someone else’s bank account linked with her Aadhaar. She did not receive her ration in Nov 2017 even though she successfully authenticated herself. | RTFC Jharkhand fact finding |
| Etwariya Devi, 67 yrs (f) | Garhwa, Jharkhand | 25 December 2017 | OBC; Etwariya’s family was denied its ration due to ABBA failure. In Dec 2017 she did not receive her pension, allegedly due to authentication failure. | RTFC Jharkhand fact finding report |
| Budhni Soren, 40 yrs (f) | Giridih, Jharkhand | 13 January 2018 | Adivasi; Budhni was not issued a ration card (possibly as she did not have Aadhaar). She was not issued a widow pension. | eNewsRoom and Times of India |
| Lukhi Murmu, 30 yrs (f) | Pakur, Jharkhand | 23 January, 2018 | Adivasi; Lukhi’s family was denied ration since Oct 2017 due to ABBA failure. | RTF Jharkhand fact finding |
| Sarthi Mahtain, age unclear (f) | Dhanbad, Jharkhand | 29 April, 2018 | Sarthi was denied her ration and pension as she could not go to the ration shop or bank for ABBA due to illness. | Dainik Jagran and Jansatta.com |
| Savitri Devi Mahto, 55 yrs (f) | Giridih, Jharkhand | 2 June, 2018 | OBC; Savitri’s family was not issued a ration card. She did not receive her pension as her account was not linked with Aadhaar. | RTFC Jharkhand fact finding report |
| Mina Musahar, 45 yrs (f) | Chatra, Jharkhand | 4 June, 2018 | Dalit; Neither Mina nor her son’s family was not issued a AAY ration card. | RTF Jharkhand report |
| Chintaman Malhar, 40 yrs (m) | Ramgarh, Jharkhand | 14 June, 2018 | Musahar (Dalit); Chintaman’s family was not issued a ration card. The entire village was also deprived of rations, pensions and other basic entitlements. | RTFC fact finding report |
| Lalji Mahto, 70 yrs (m) | Jamtara, Jharkhand | 10 July, 2018 | OBC; He did not receive his pension for the past three months | Dainik Jagran |
| Rajendra Birhor, 39 yrs (m) | Ramgarh, Jharkhand | 24 July, 2018 | Adivasi; Rajendra’s family was not issued a ration card. It also did not get social security pension entitled to particularly vulnerable tribes. Died of destitution. | Report of RTFC fact finding team, NDTV.com |
| Chamtu Sabar, 45 yrs (m) | Dhalbhumgarh, East Singhbhum | 16 September, 2018 | Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (Adivasi), newspaper report states that there was no food in the house for the 4-5 days before he died. Entitled to Antyodaya card (as PVTG) but did not have one. Suffered from TB. | Prabhat Khabar |
| Narayan 55yrs, Subbu 52 yrs, Venkatrama 46 yrs (m) | Gokarna, Karnataka | 2 Jul, 8 Jul and 13 Jul, 2017 | Dalit brothers, The brothers’ family was denied ration for six months preceding their death. Their ration card was deleted as it was not linked with Aadhaar. | PPT based on fact finding |
| Lalit Rangari, 36 yrs (f) | Gondiya, Maharashtra | July 2015 | Dalit; widow, two children, one of whom is visually disabled. | India Today |
| Bishnu Charan, 65 yrs (m) | Rajnagar Block, Kendrapara, Odisha | October 2015 | Name was struck off PDS ration card list during NFSA rollout. Had two sons, one was disabled and married; Died from the stress that his name had been put on the ‘suspect list’ of the NFSA | Odisha Times |
| Suadei, 55 yrs (f) | Ghutupali village, Bolangir, Odisha | 8 December 2015 | Did not get PDS grain the month she died. | Times of India |
| TK Mohananda, 65 yrs (m) | Komna block, Nuapada | 14 December 2015 | Dalit, landless. Has two mentally challenged children. Was AAY beneficiary earlier, but name was struck off PDS ration card list during NFSA rollout. | The Hindu |
| Khetrabasi Pradhan, 80 yrs (m) | Daspalla, Nayagarh | March 2016 | Could not get pension because age was wrongly recorded on voter card | Odisha Sun Times |
| Rankanidhi Khura, 39 yrs (M) | Balichhara village, Junagarh, Kalahandi, Odisha | 25 March 2017 | Khura a mentally challenged person lived with aged mother and brother (also mentally challenged). Family didn’t have PDS card or pension depended solely on earning of their mother. Died due to prolonged unavailability of food. | The New Indian Express |
| Bilas Singh, 30 yrs (f) | Barchana, Jajpur, Odisha | 14 October, 2017 | Her husband said that she did not receive any medical assistance although he had contacted the local ASHA, ANM and anganwadi worker. | The New Indian Express |
| Gobind Behera, age unclear (m) | Shantipada, Binjhapur, Jajpur | 20 May 2017 | Living alone after wife’s death and was surviving on the food provided by neighbours | Odisha Sun Times |
| Kunti Sahu, 35 yrs (f) | Khaprakhol, Bolangir, Odisha | 28 July 2018 | Kharra (Dalit), died on Harishankar road railway station, lived there with her mother, survived by begging, which she could not do for 2 months due to illness. Mother got old age pension, not clear if they had a ration card | RTF Odisha fact finding report |
| Kundru Nag, 68 years (f) | Khuntapalli, Sadar Block, Bargarh, Odisha | 12 June 2018 | Elderly widow, husband and wife received Rs. 300 as pension; denied PDS grain on Antyodaya card. A neighbour denied their rice, was told that she could not be given it because of authentication requirements. Permission to give without authentication came too late. | Odisha Post, |
| Mungre Chhura, 59 yrs (f) | Jairpada, Bongomunda, Bolangir, Odisha | ~22 August, 2018 | Dom (Dalit); widowed 5-7 years ago, did not get pension, used to have PDS ration card, before rollout of NFSA, but deprived after. Ought to have been getting pension and 35kg of rice with an Antyodaya ration card. | New Indian Express + RTF Odisha fact finding |
| Shrikant Dixit, 40 yrs (m) | Barabanki, UP | June 2016 | Post-mortem report found 50gms of food in his stomach | India.com |
| Nathu Prasad 40 yrs (m) | Naraini, Banka, UP | 1 May 2016 | Dalit; had reportedly not eaten for four days, en route to the PDS shop with sister-in-law when he died. CM announced Rs. 5 lakh as relief; | The Hindu |
| Dharmendra, 28 yrs (m) | Soraon tehsil, Allahabad, UP | 23 October, 2016 | Dalit, “did not possess the Aadhaar card which is required to procure the subsidised ration card for families below the poverty line”, district administration has ordered action against local ration dealer. | Daily Mail |
| Subhash Singh, 42 yrs (m) | Dudahi, Kushinagar, UP | 10 April, 2017 | A week before he died, the dealer refused them PDS grain, had not eaten for four days, | Patrika.com |
| Shakina, 50 years (f) | Bareilly, UP | 14 November, 2017 | Paralysed, weak, had Antyodaya card. The family had been denied ration under the PDS for November, because Shakina was too unwell to be even taken to the shop in a rickshaw for ABBA, as she was every month. | NDTV |
| Nem Chand, 42 yrs (m) | Kudaria Ikhlaspur, Bareilly, UP | 4 January, 2018 | No food in the past three days, was ailing so his 82 year old mother sold the kerosene and grain they had got from the PDS, used to work as barber but stopped after he suffered from paralytic stroke | Times of India |
| Amir Jahan, 36 yrs, m/f | Moradabad, UP | 25 January, 2018 | Had applied for, but not been issued PDS ration card; family was given one after she passed away | RTFC fact finding report |
| Rajwati 60 yrs, Rani 25 (f) | Bareilly, UP | 5 July, 2018 | Committed suicide due to hardship. Ration card cancelled due to lack of Aadhaar | Navbharat Times and Jansatta.com |
| Khushi, 8 yrs (f) | Vedai village, Sadabad, Hathras, UP | 10 September, 2018 | Father worked as a labourer in a cold storage, but was without work for two months. Family had not eaten for a week, family does not have a ration card. Annu, her younger sister also fell unconscious, and was critical | The Wire |
| Sangeeta, 30 yrs (f), Suraj, 8 yrs (m)
Daughter, 2m (f) |
Dudahi, Kushinagar, UP | 6 and 11 September, 2018 | Musahar (Dalit) family, Mother and son died first and a week later 2 month old baby girl died, they had a ration card, had got grain in the previous month | NDTV |
| Fenku, 22 yrs, Pappu 16 yrs (m) | Padrauna, Kushinagar, UP | 12-13 September, 2018 | Musahar (Dalit) brothers, used to get seasonal work as brick kiln workers, were weak and began to remain unwell. Died on two consecutive days. | Newsclick.in |
| Surath Kumar Gayen, 63 yrs (m) | Bhatpara, West Bengal | 24 March, 2018 | His family stopped receiving PDS grains after he was missed during the 2017 digitisation drive. Did not receive pension due to lack of Aadhaar | Report of Right to Food and Work Campaign, West Bengal fact finding team |